From making things public to the design of creative democracy: Dewey’s democratic vision and participatory design

ABSTRACT

Participatory design’s (PD) shift from the workplace to civic settings has led to a reorientation of the field’s political bearings. Informed by science and technology studies, practice is now often framed in terms of design things, infrastructuring, and John Dewey’s concept of ‘publics’. Taking the publics concept as a starting point, the present article seeks to contribute by providing a broader outline of Dewey’s democratic vision. It is proposed that Dewey’s vision may be seen to offer a potentially useful perspective that directly relates the ‘publics’ concept to the areas of freedom, experientialism, and the institutions of government. Linking to contemporary developments in PD and beyond, the vision is seen to carry conceptual and practical implications, which, if borne out, would connect the discipline’s capacity to ‘spark’ publics into being to the processes of policy formation and institutional reform.     

Advance application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of noncrystalline components in thin films of poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) blends

A quantitative analysis method for the distribution of noncrystalline poly(butadiene) component in poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(butadiene) (PCL/PB) binary blends have been analyzed by advance application of Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Thin films of different compositions of PCL/PB binary blends were prepared from solution and isothermally crystallized at a certain temperature. After calibration with real data, quantitative analyses by Raman spectroscopy revealed the amorphous PB are trapped inside the PCL crystals. Polarized optical microscopy and real time atomic force microscopy were used to collect data for the crystal morphology and crystal growth rate. For pure PCL crystals, a morphology of truncated lozenge shape was observed, independent of crystallization temperature and regardless of the blends compositions. For the pure PCL and their blends, almost unique crystal growth rate was found. The miscibility behaviors using DSC were drawn through melting point depression method. The Hoffman-Weeks extrapolations of the blends were found to be linear and identical with those of the neat PCL. The interaction parameter for the blends indicating that the PCL and PB blends have no intermolecular interaction, confirming the blends are immiscible. Despite the immiscibility of the blend, the PCL crystals do not bend during the growth process and do not reduce the growth rate as they do for miscible blend systems.     

矿山工程建设项目造价管理信息系统设计

为提高矿山工程建设项目造价管理水平,设计了矿山工程建设项目造价管理系统。通过分析矿山工程项目的造价组成,并采用三层B/S架构设计系统硬件框架,运用Web服务器传输矿山工程项目各项数据,划分系统功能子系统,并对矿山工程建设项目造价额与价差预备费进行计算,完成系统软件设计。结果表明,该系统能够有效管理矿山工程建设项目造价,并对外部的恶意攻击进行及时报警,系统具有有效性与安全性。     

聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能研究进展

简要介绍了聚乙烯管材发生慢速裂纹增长(SCG)的机理,并详细介绍了影响聚乙烯管材耐SCG性能的影响因素,包括系带分子(TMs)、界面相和无定形相的活动性,以及聚乙烯管材专用料的研发和熔融加工过程中的结构与形态控制研究。     

Teaching construction sciences with the integration of BIM to undergraduate architecture students

This study aims to test two hypotheses: teaching building information modeling (BIM) in relation to construction science provides students with a remarkable understanding of the nature of construction science (Hypothesis 1), and if the student has positive attitude toward the use of the BIM program, then efficiency by which construction science is taught by its means is improved (Hypothesis 2). Results and process of a case study with a novel teaching methodology were discussed in terms of the benefits of the students. A questionnaire study was conducted on the student group with which the case study was performed to test each student's attitude. Results were evaluated statistically. When BIM is integrated with the teaching of basic construction courses within architecture degree programs, the students understood the building system principles simply and effectively. As a result of the statistical analysis, the students find the applied method effective. Moreover, their attitude toward BIM affects the process.     

我国建筑石料用灰岩采矿权成交价变化分析

砂石资源采矿权出让收益是地方财政收入的重要来源。近年来,砂石资源供应紧张价格大幅上涨的背景下,本文以典型的砂石资源建筑石料用灰岩为例,分析了全国及部分典型省份建筑石料用灰岩采矿权成交价的变化特征,主要结论是2011～2018年我国建筑石料用灰岩采矿权平均成交单价与砂石市场供应价格均呈上升趋势但前者涨幅远高于后者,并且采矿权成交单价的区间分布结构年度变化差异也较大,不同区域平均成交单价年度变化规律分异明显,贵州、甘肃两省采矿权成交单价相对较低且变化幅度相对较小,山西、吉林、湖北、广西4省采矿权成交单价相对较高且变化幅度相对较大。最后,从平抑砂石价格过快上涨、加强矿业权市场建设、促进砂石资源区域供需平衡、维护良好砂石市场价格秩序的角度提出了有关政策建议。     

Peanut FAD2 Genotype and Growing Location Interactions Significantly Affect the Level of Oleic Acid in Seeds

The level of oleic acid is an important parameter in determining seed nutritional quality and oil stability. The level of oleic acid in peanut is genetically controlled by a pair of fatty acid desaturase genes (FAD2A and FAD2B), but the environmental conditions of the production sites can also have a significant effect. To investigate the effect of gene and environment interaction, 45 accessions were grown at three locations for 2 years. Environmental data were collected; individual plants were genotyped with functional SNP markers from FAD2A and FAD2B; and seed level of oleic acid was determined by gas chromatography. Three FAD2A/FAD2B genotypes (448G/no insertion 442A, 448A/no insertion 442A, and 448A/insertion 442A) were identified and designated as G/W, A/W, and A/A, respectively. A/A genotype averaged the highest level of oleic acid (80.0%), followed by A/W (56.0%), and then G/W (40.7%). Analysis of gene and environment interaction revealed that oleic acid phenotype plasticity could be explained by the interaction of FAD2 genotype and photothermal time, which quantified environmental conditions. The A/W genotype was the most sensitive to photothermal time changes. The oleic acid plasticity revealed in this study would be useful for breeders, farmers, and product processors.     

Distributed adaptive state estimation and tracking by using active-passive sensor networks

Heterogeneous sensor networks (HSN) find a wide range of applications in the field of military and civilian environments, where sensor nodes are utilized to estimate the position of a target with both dynamics and control input being unknown for the purposes of tracking. In the HSN, nodes are considered active depending upon their ability to sense the target output while the others are taken passive. Accurate estimation requires local information exchange among the spatially located sensor nodes, so that the active nodes as well as the passive nodes converge simultaneously to the same value. The local information exchange among the nodes is dictated by a connected graph. By using the criterion of collective observability, a novel distributed adaptive estimation scheme is introduced via adaptive observer where the nodes are allowed to have different sensor modalities. Using the estimated information, a subset of active and passive nodes, referred to as mobile nodes, can track the moving target. By using a constant state feedback controller at each mobile node, the state and parameter estimation as well as the tracking errors are shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results verify theoretical claims.     

Influence of sintering temperature on ion dynamics of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-δ: Suitability as an electrolyte material for SOFC

Sodium bismuth titanate samples with different morphology were synthesized via varying the sintering temperature from 1000 to 1150 °C. The conductivity was significantly affected with the morphology of the system. The dynamics of ions was understood from the conductivity spectra. The dc conductivity, hopping frequency and exponent values were extracted from the conductivity spectra analysis. The impedance and modulus spectroscopy along with exponent behaviour suggested short range hopping for the sample sintered at 1000 °C and followed Ghosh scaling instead of Summerfield scaling. While long-range hopping was observed for the samples sintered at 1150 °C and it followed both the Summerfield scaling and Ghosh scaling. Moreover, the stability of the sample is checked in reducing atmosphere.     

两个大型住宅项目设计配套消防备供电源供电方案分析及优劣对比

通过对两个大型住宅项目配置消防备供电源供电方案进行对比,分析由此产生的建设安装造价成本高低,以及后期物业管理程序的难易程度,总结出适宜于大型住宅项目的消防备供电源供电方案,既能降低建设投资成本,又可以简化后期物业管理程序,更好地保障消防系统供电安全,值得推广。